Albert+Einstein

=Albert Einstein=



===**Albert Einstein ** was born at Ulm, in Württemberg, Germany, on March 14, 1879. Six weeks later the family moved to Munich, where he later on began his schooling at the Luitpold Gymnasium. Later, they moved to Italy and Albert continued his education at Aarau, Switzerland and in 1896 he entered the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich to be trained as a teacher in physics and mathematics. In 1901, the year he gained his diploma, he acquired Swiss citizenship and, as he was unable to find a teaching post, he accepted a position as technical assistant in the Swiss Patent Office. In 1905 he obtained his doctor's degree. === === What is not so well known about Einstein is that he made contributions to the development of modern chemistry, particularly to the area of quantum mechanics. The Nobel Prize Committee awarded Einstein the Nobel Prize in physics in 1921 "for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect." His explanation of the photoelectric effect helped to validate Planck's view of quantized energy, and has become the basis of the quantitative laws of photochemistry. ===

 === Einstein explained the phenomenon in a paper published in the journal //Annalen der Physik// in 1905, the first of four papers by Einstein (all appearing in 1905) that changed science. In essence, Einstein argued that there is an intrinsic "work function" that is required to remove an electron from a metal, a specific amount of energy that depends only on the identity of the metal. The kinetic energy of the released electron is then the difference between the energy supplied by the incoming electromagnetic radiation (including visible light) and the work function. Subsequent experimental verification of Einstein's argument affirmed the claim that light was quantized. === ===  Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect was not his only contribution to chemistry. His Ph.D. dissertation, submitted in 1905, was entitled "A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions." His investigation of **Brownian motion **(the random movement of microscopic particles suspended in liquids or gases) was intended to establish the existence of atoms as being indispensable to an explanation of the molecular-kinetic theory of heat. And the concept of relativity has shed light on the motions of electrons in the core orbitals of heavy elements. [|http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Di-Fa/Einstein-Albert.html#b#ixzz2gQVCcRtl] === 