Antoine+Lavoisier

Antoine Lavoisier was a French nobleman and chemist of the 18th century Chemical Revolution. He was born into a wealthy family on August 26, 1743. His father was a Parisian lawyer. Lavoisier is considered by many to be the "Father Of Modern Chemistry." He was educated at Collége Mazarin where he specialized in mathematics, botany, astronomy, and chemistry. His formal education was in law and literature and he studied science under some of the most well-known figures of his day. He was highly influenced by the French Enlightenment movement. When he was a student he said "I am young and avid for glory." He helped develop the first geological map of France and main water supply of Paris in 1769 at age 25. By doing this, he was elected him into the Royal Academy of Sciences. Around the same time he managed to purchase a part-share in the "tax firm" or private agency. This firm was known as the Ferme Générate, the private cooperation that collected taxes for the crown on a profit-and-loss-basis. He married Marie-Anne Pierette Paulze when she was 13. She translated from from English for him so she could translate the work of british chemist like Joseph Priestly. In 1772, he began working on processes such as combustion, respiration, and the calcination or oxidation of metals. His research helped discard the old theories which dealt with an absurd combustion principle called Phlogiston. Lavoisier gave modern explanations to these processes. His concepts about the nature of acids, bases, and salts were more logical. He introduced a chemical element in its modern sense and demonstrated how it should be carried out by composing the first modern list of the chemical elements. In 1775, he was appointed a Commissioner of the Royal Gunpowder and Saltpeter Administration and he also took up residence in the Paris Arsenal. There he equipped a fire laboratory, which attracted young chemist from all over Europe to learn about the "chemical revolution" that was in progress. He succeeded in producing more and better gunpowder by increasing the supply and ensuring the purity of the constituents- saltpeter (potassium and nitrate), sulfur, and charcoal- as well as improving the methods of granulating the powder. Louis XVI arranged the Gunpowder Commissions to up the supply and quality of gunpowder. Lavoisier dramatically increased the output so that France could even export gun powder, which turned into a major factor in France's was effort in the Revolution and Napoleonic Wars. Lavoisier carried out carefully controlled experiments, which provided real evidence for the Law of Conservation of Matter. His revolutionary approaches helped many chemists realize the fundamental processes of science and implement the scientific method. He formulated a theory olutionaryof the chemical reactivity of oxygen and co-wrote the modern system of the nomenclature of chemical substances. He showed how respiration was a process of combustion. He discovered the true nature of respiration when he found that it was a process whereby oxygen is taken up by blood in the lungs. He gave new names to substances, most of which are still used today. He concluded his ideas in 1789 when he published a textbook, Traité Élémentaire de Chimie, which describes the preparation of oxygen in detail by heating the red oxide of mercury. He also began a journal, Annales de Chimie, which carried research reports about the new chemistry. This was the turning point in scientific and industrial chemistry. He also applied his scientific principles to agriculture when he bought she land at Frenchies, near Blois, Central France. He described his findings in his book "Results On Their Relation To Political Economy," which is considered highly influential in agriculture and economy. Lavoisier was arrested during the French Revolution and accused of selling watered-down tobacco. However, he was really arrested because he was an investor in the Ferme Générale. This put him in a very difficult situation during the Revolution. His work as a scientist was put aside and he was primarily known as an "enemy to the people." A revolutionary judge stated that the Revolutionary France had no need for scientist. Antoine Lavoisier was executes by the guillotine on May 8, 1794. Joseph-Louis Lagrange, a mathematician, said "it took only an instant to cut off that head, and a hundred years may not produce another one like it."

www.instagram.com www.twitter.com www.shop.history.com www.pinterest.com
 * Distraction Pages**