JJ+Thomson

JJ Thomson, short for Joseph John Thomson, was born in Cheetham Hill, Manchester in Europe on December 18 and died on August 30, 1940. His parents were Emma Swindells and Joseph James Thomson. His brother was 2 years younger than him and was named Frederick Vernon Thomson. In 1870, he was admitted to Owens College at the very young age of 14 years old. He proceeded to #|Trinity College in 1876 and obtained his BA in __#|mathematics__ in 1880 along with his Second Wrangler Prize and his Second Smiths Prize in 1883 and became a lecturer during this time. He married Rose Elizabeth Paget in 1890 and had two children: George Paget Thomson and Joan Paget Thomson.

His early interest in the atomic structure was brought out in his "Treatise on the a Motion of Vortex Rings" which won him his Adams Prize in1884. In 1884, Thomson became the Cavendish professor of physics. His "Application of Dynamics to Physics and Chemistry" in 1886 and his " Notes on Recent Researches in __#|Electricity__ and Magnetism" in 1892 portrayed his interest as well. In 1884, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on June 12 and was President of the Royal Society from 1915 to 1920.

His discovery of the electron began in 1895 with many __#|experiments__ in the Cavendish Laboratory. His work was influenced by the work of James Clerk Maxwell. Thomson said that cathode rays exhibited a single charge-to-mass ratio and must be composed of a single type of negatively charged particle, which he called corpuscles. Thomson was a strong component of what is called the "plum-pudding model" with electrons scattered throughout the positively charged sphere. This idea was maintained until one of his many students, Ernest Rutherford, made a more reasonable and understandable model in 1911. Thomson's separation of neon isotopes by their mass was the first example of mass spectrometry. Thomson and his research assistant F. W. Ashton channelled a stream of neon ions through a magnetic and an electric field and measured its deflection by placing a photographic plate in its path. They observed two patches of light on the photographic plate which suggested two different parabolas of deflection. They concluded that neon is composed of atoms of two different atomic masses, or two isotopes. This was the first evidence for isotopes of a stable element.

Thomson might be described as "the man who first split the atom." He made atom physics into a modern science and earned the Nobel Peace Prize in Physics I'm 1906 for doing so. Thomson was knighted in 1908 along with being appointed Order of Ment in 1912. Thomson gave the Romanes Lecture in Oxford on "The Atomic Theory" in 1914. One of his greatest attributions to modern science was his role as a highly gifted teacher. Seven of his research assistants, including his son, won Nobel Prizes in Physics. His son won his for proving the wavelike properties of electrons.



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